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This is the command to use to check if a partition has a label. Note: If the partition does not have a filesystem already this will error.
e2label [partition path]
This is the command to assign a new label to a partition.
e2label [partition path] [label name]
Here is the line to use in you /etc/fstab file to mount the partition by label.
LABEL=[label name] [mount directory] [filesystem type. ex: ext4] defaults 0 0
Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-partition-howto-set-labels/
http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-debian-fedora-mount-partition-label/